What is learning? What are its distinguishing features?
Answer :
Learning can be defined as any relatively permanent change in behaviour or behavioural potential produced by experience. Changes that occur due to practice and experience, and are relatively permanent, are a component of learning.
Its distinguishing features are:
(i) Learning always involves some kind of experience. For instance, a child gets lost at a place on leaving the hands of the parents, would learn not to leave the hand of elders the next time.
(ii) Behavioural changes that occur due to learning are relatively permanent and are different from temporary behavioural changes caused by habituation, drugs or fatigue. For example, feeling tired after studying is a temporary change and does not involve learning.
(iii) Learning is an inferred process that involves a series of psychological events. It is also different from a performance.
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How does classical conditioning demonstrate learning by association?
Answer :
Classical conditioning demonstrates learning by association as one stimulus signifies the possibility of the occurrence of another stimulus. Unconditioned stimulus and response are gradually conditioned. For example, in the experiment conducted by Ivan P. Pavlov on the dog, a bell was rung after which food was served to the dog. After some days, no food was served after the ringing of bell, but the dog still salivated to the sound of it and thus, associated the bell with the food. The association resulted in the acquisition of the new response by the dog, i.e. salivation to the sound of bell. In this case, the bell was a conditioned stimulus and saliva secretion was a conditioned response.
Therefore, in classical conditioning, one stimulus signifies the possible occurrence of another stimulus.
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Define operant conditioning. Discuss the factors that influence the course of operant conditioning.
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A good role model is very important for a growing up child. Discuss the kind of learning that supports it.
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Explain the procedures for studying verbal learning.
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How can you distinguish between generalisation and discrimination?
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How does transfer of learning takes place?
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Why is motivation a prerequisite for learning?
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What does the notion of 'preparedness for learning' mean?
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Explain the different forms of cognitive learning?
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How can we identify students with learning disabilities?
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What is a skill? What are the stages through which skill learning develops?
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Psychology : CBSE NCERT Exercise Solutions for Class 11th for Learning will be available online in PDF book form soon. The solutions are absolutely Free. Soon you will be able to download the solutions.
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